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Table 3 Time-variant sample characteristics by gender, employer change and work experience.

From: Frequency of employer changes and their financial return: gender differences amongst German university graduates

 

Exp = minimum

Exp = maximum

Female

Male

Female

Male

Occupational sector

 1: BIC

  No change

0.12 (0.33)

0.12 (0.32)

0.12 (0.33)

0.12 (0.32)

  Change

0.10 (0.31)

0.14 (0.35)

0.07 (0.26)

0.13 (0.33)

 2: Manufacturing

  No change

0.21 (0.41)

0.48 (0.50)

0.21 (0.41)

0.49 (0.50)

  Change

0.16 (0.36)

0.34 (0.47)

0.21 (0.41)

0.44 (0.50)

 3: Services

  No change

0.42 (0.49)

0.26 (0.44)

0.41 (0.49)

0.26 (0.44)

  Change

0.44 (0.50)

0.28 (0.45)

0.43 (0.49)

0.26 (0.44)

 4: Media et al.a

  No change

0.25 (0.43)

0.14 (0.34)

0.25 (0.44)

0.14 (0.34)

  Change

0.30 (0.46)

0.23 (0.42)

0.29 (0.46)

0.17 (0.38)

Firm size (employees)

 Small (< 100)

  No change

0.36 (0.48)

0.21 (0.41)

0.36 (0.48)

0.22 (0.41)

  Change

0.42 (0.49)

0.31 (0.46)

0.34 (0.47)

0.22 (0.42)

 Medium (100–499)

  No change

0.17 (0.38)

0.14 (0.34)

0.17 (0.37)

0.14 (0.34)

  Change

0.21 (0.41)

0.20 (0.40)

0.22 (0.41)

0.16 (0.37)

 Large (≥ 500)

  No change

0.47 (0.50)

0.65 (0.48)

0.47 (0.50)

0.65 (0.48)

  Change

0.37 (0.48)

0.49 (0.50)

0.45 (0.50)

0.62 (0.49)

 Executive position

  No change

0.24 (0.43)

0.35 (0.48)

0.33 (0.47)

0.44 (0.50)

  Change

0.12 (0.33)

0.18 (0.39)

0.30 (0.46)

0.45 (0.50)

 Public sector

  No change

0.42 (0.49)

0.29 (0.45)

0.43 (0.50)

0.29 (0.45)

  Change

0.38 (0.49)

0.32 (0.47)

0.45 (0.50)

0.33 (0.47)

 Permanent contract

  No change

0.78 (0.41)

0.85 (0.35)

0.82 (0.39)

0.87 (0.34)

  Change

0.53 (0.50)

0.67 (0.47)

0.78 (0.41)

0.86 (0.34)

 Multinat. company

  No change

0.49 (0.50)

0.67 (0.47)

0.49 (0.50)

0.66 (0.47)

  Change

0.39 (0.49)

0.54 (0.50)

0.43 (0.50)

0.63 (0.48)

 Part-time (< 30 h/week)

  No change

0.14 (0.34)

0.03 (0.18)

0.15 (0.36)

0.02 (0.15)

  Change

0.14 (0.35)

0.09 (0.28)

0.16 (0.36)

0.03 (0.17)

 Wage (€/h)

  No change

17.31 (6.77)

19.77 (5.51)

18.61 (7.35)

21.5 (7.59)

  Change

15.37 (5.92)

18.43 (6.43)

22.09 (7.95)

27.6 (9.39)

 N

  No change

473

650

473

650

  Change

528

607

528

607

  1. Shares and means with standard deviations in parentheses
  2. BIC banks, insurances, consulting
  3. aMedia et al.: Media, education, associations