Variable | Operationalisation | Source | Mean SD | Min Max |
---|---|---|---|---|
Context-level variables (\( J = 63 \) federal state-years) | ||||
Provision of upper secondary education (SECED) | Number of teachers in upper secondary schools per 1000 youths aged between 15 and 20 years | Number of teachers: “Zahlenspiegel” provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Women’s Affairs Number of youths aged between 15 and 19 years: Labour Force Survey | 49.9 28.5 | 42.6 67.9 |
Provision of dual vocational education \( (VOCED \)) | Proportion of apprentices of all students in upper secondary education (%) | (1) Number of apprentices: “Lehrlingsstatistik” provided by the Austrian Economic Chambers (2) Number of students in upper secondary education: “Zahlenspiegel” provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Women’s Affairs | 28.6% 6.2% | 17.0% 41.4% |
Economic performance (JOBS) | Vacancies per 1000 people in the Working-age population | (1) Vacancies: Statistics Austria (2) Number of people in the working-age population (15–64 years): Labour Force Survey | 7.7 2.4 | 3.6 14.4 |
Role of active labour market policy at the federal level (LMPOL) | Expenditures for active labour market policy of the federal government per each unemployed youth aged between 15 and 24 years | (1) Expenditure for active labour market policy of the federal government: provided by the Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection (2) Number of unemployed youths: Labour Force Survey | 7125.2 1474.0 | 4764.3 12,753.5 |
Variable | Operationalisation | Source | Mean | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual-level control variables [n (15–19) = 16,942; n (20–24) = 15,786] | ||||
Age (AGE) | 1 = 20–24 years | Labour Force Survey | .523 | |
0 = 15–19 years | 15–19 years | 20–24 years | ||
Gender (FEMALE) | 1 = female 0 = male | Labour Force Survey | .490 | .498 |
Size of municipality | 1 = up to 5000 residents (INH5000) | Labour Force Survey | .480 | .418 |
2 = 5001 to 30,000 residents (INH30000) | .233 | .217 | ||
3 = 30,001 and more residents (INH+) | .287 (proportions) | .365 (proportions) | ||
Country of birth (BORN_AUT) | 1 = Austria 0 = other | Labour Force Survey | .900 | .827 |
Citizenship (CITIZ_AUT) | 1 = Austrian citizenship 0 = other | Labour Force Survey | .902 | .867 |
First interview in third quarter (QUARTER3) | 1 = yes | Labour Force Survey | .251 | .245- |
0 = no | ||||
Motherhood (MOTHER) | 1 = yes | Labour Force Survey | .017 | .047 |
0 = no |