Table 3 Descriptive statistics by gender and sample definition
Women, year-round full-time only | Men, year-round full-time only | Women, full-time, part-time, year-round and non-year-round | Men, full-time, part-time, year-round and non-year-round | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 1040) | (N = 884) | (N = 1833) | (N = 1457) | |||||
Variable | Mean | s.e. | Mean | s.e. | Mean | s.e. | Mean | s.e. |
Income in 1999 | 32,573 | 479 | 39,243 | 659 | 28,420 | 378 | 34,127 | 603 |
Standardized Test Scores | ||||||||
Reading (12th grade) | 57.0 | 0.3 | 54.9 | 0.4 | 57.2 | 0.3 | 55.4 | 0.3 |
Math (12th grade) | 57.3 | 0.3 | 59.1 | 0.4 | 57.3 | 0.3 | 59.0 | 0.3 |
Science (12th grade) | 54.6 | 0.4 | 57.9 | 0.4 | 54.8 | 0.3 | 58.1 | 0.3 |
Grades | ||||||||
English (12th grade) | 4.55 | 0.07 | 5.46 | 0.11 | 4.60 | 0.07 | 5.48 | 0.08 |
Math (12th grade) | 5.60 | 0.11 | 5.90 | 0.13 | 5.71 | 0.09 | 5.95 | 0.10 |
Science (12th grade) | 5.32 | 0.09 | 5.52 | 0.12 | 5.35 | 0.08 | 5.53 | 0.09 |
Undergraduate GPA | 3.27 | 0.02 | 3.11 | 0.02 | 3.29 | 0.01 | 3.14 | 0.02 |
College major | ||||||||
Economic sciences | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.02 |
Math, natural science, or engineering | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.02 |
Social science or humanities | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.44 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.02 |
Education | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Proportion female of major | 0.60 | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.61 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.01 |
Highest degree | ||||||||
Bachelor’s degree | 0.92 | 0.01 | 0.95 | 0.01 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.01 |
Master’s degree | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
Professional or doctoral degree | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
SES of family of origin | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.44 | 0.02 | 0.54 | 0.03 |
Race of Respondent | ||||||||
White (or other) | 0.84 | 0.01 | 0.83 | 0.02 | 0.84 | 0.01 | 0.83 | 0.02 |
Black | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Latino | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Asian American | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Importance of having lots of money (12th grade) | 2.12 | 0.02 | 2.35 | 0.03 | 2.08 | 0.02 | 2.31 | 0.02 |
Family characteristics | ||||||||
Single | 0.58 | 0.02 | 0.68 | 0.02 | 0.59 | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.02 |
Married | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.02 |
Single Parent | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Number of children | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 |
Number of hours worked, per week | 44.4 | 0.3 | 47.2 | 0.4 | 41.6 | 0.3 | 43.8 | 0.4 |
Private sector | 0.63 | 0.02 | 0.77 | 0.02 | 0.58 | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.02 |
Industry | ||||||||
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Construction and allied | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Manufacturing: Durable goods | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Manufacturing: Nondurable goods | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Utilities | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Wholesale distribution | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Retail trades | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Finance, insurance, real estate | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.01 |
Business, personal services | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Entertainment, recreation | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Professional services | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 |
Public administration, safety, military | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Health care | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Communications | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Transportation | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Hospitality | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Education | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Occupation | ||||||||
Secretary, receptionist | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Cashier, teller, clerk, data entry | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Other clerical | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Personal service, cook, chef, baker | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Farmer, forester, farm laborer, nonfarm laborer | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Mechanic, repairer, service technician | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Craftsman, skilled operative | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Protective service, criminal justice, military | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Business and financial support services | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Financial service professional | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
Sales, purchasing | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Customer service | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Legal support | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Medical practice professional, services | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Medical licensed professional | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Educators (K-12 teachers) | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Educators, instructors (non-K-12) | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Human service professional | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Engineer, architect, software engineer | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Scientist, statistician professional | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Research assistant, lab technician | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Technical, professional worker | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Computer systems, related professional | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
Computer programmer, other computer | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Editor, writer, reporter | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Performer, artist | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Manager, executive | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Manager, midlevel | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
Manager, supervisory, office | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Health, recreational services | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Job training | 2.77 | 0.03 | 2.79 | 0.03 | 2.75 | 0.02 | 2.80 | 0.03 |
Job autonomy | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.78 | 0.02 | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.74 | 0.02 |