Static approaches | Semi-static approaches | Dynamic approaches | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Mobility | Status attainment approach | Human capital theory | Job competition theory | |
Education | Upward | + | + | + | (+) |
Downward | − | − | (−) | ||
Time in labour force | Upward | − | − | (−) | |
(Life-course effect) | Downward | ||||
Prestige of first job | Upward | − | − | − | |
(Cohort effect) | Downward | + | + | + | |
Level of modernisation | Upward | + | |||
(Period effect) | Downward | − | |||
Labour market conditions | Upward | + | |||
(Period effect) | Downward | − |