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Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 6 Odds Ratios After Multi-Level Mixed Effects Logit of Undereducation: Key Effects

From: Imbalanced Job Polarization and Skills Mismatch in Europe

 

Total, ISCO-Based Measure

Male, ISCO-Based Measure

Female, ISCO-Based Measure

 

vrule height.2pt width438pt depth.2pt

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

JPI

0.994

 

0.985

 

0.988

 

0.981

 

1.004

 

0.992

 

× ESSR1

 

1.285^{***}

 

1.297^{***}

 

1.191^{***}

 

1.199^{***}

 

1.410^{***}

 

1.429^{***}

× ESSR2

 

1.041^{***}

 

1.056^{***}

 

1.027^{*}

 

1.043^{**}

 

1.063^{***}

 

1.077^{***}

× ESSR3

 

1.022

 

1.065^{***}

 

1.003

 

1.049^{*}

 

1.048

 

1.089^{***}

× ESSR4

 

0.974

 

1.059^{***}

 

1.011

 

1.118^{***}

 

0.935^{**}

 

1.001

× ESSR5

 

0.874^{***}

 

0.985

 

0.865^{***}

 

0.994

 

0.882^{***}

 

0.976

× ESSR6

 

0.982

 

0.977

 

0.956^{**}

 

0.945^{**}

 

1.010

 

1.010

Unempl.

  

0.924

0.019^{***}

  

0.353^{*}

0.012^{***}

  

2.174

0.028^{***}

{ESS Round (rel. to Round 1)}

ESSR2

0.889^{***}

 

0.903^{***}

 

0.919^{**}

 

0.947

 

0.852^{***}

 

0.853^{***}

 

ESSR3

0.836^{***}

 

0.863^{***}

 

0.881^{***}

 

0.919^{**}

 

0.786^{***}

 

0.800^{***}

 

ESSR4

0.806^{***}

 

0.837^{***}

 

0.875^{***}

 

0.929^{**}

 

0.731^{***}

 

0.740^{***}

 

ESSR5

0.696^{***}

 

0.721^{***}

 

0.726^{***}

 

0.777^{***}

 

0.659^{***}

 

0.658^{***}

 

ESSR6

0.667^{***}

 

0.513^{***}

 

0.740^{***}

 

0.582^{***}

 

0.590^{***}

 

0.442^{***}

 

Female

0.815^{***}

0.815^{***}

0.842^{**}

0.841^{**}

        

Constant

0.540^{***}

0.426^{***}

0.889

0.752^{**}

0.514^{***}

0.429^{***}

0.910

0.812

0.467^{***}

0.343^{***}

0.797

0.625^{***}

{Random Effects}

Female

0.348

0.347

0.372

0.367

        
 

(0.047)

(0.047)

(0.050)

(0.049)

        

Const.

0.535

0.527

0.532

0.529

0.543

0.539

0.542

0.546

0.475

0.469

0.478

0.464

 

(0.070)

(0.069)

(0.070)

(0.069)

(0.071)

(0.071)

(0.071)

(0.072)

(0.063)

(0.062)

(0.064)

(0.062)

N

121731

121731

121731

121731

62980

62980

62980

62980

58751

58751

58751

58751

LR test

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

AIC

141545

141753

136313

136903

74725

74799

71771

71997

66821

66962

64393

64766

BIC

141642

141850

136759

137350

74797

74872

72169

72395

66893

67034

64789

65161

 

Total, Mean-Based Measure

Male, Mean-Based Measure

Female, Mean-Based Measure

 

vrule height.2pt width438pt depth.2pt

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

JPI

1.012

 

1.014

 

1.008

 

1.026

 

1.016

 

1.003

 

× ESSR1

 

1.068^{**}

 

0.942^{*}

 

0.995

 

0.880^{**}

 

1.154^{***}

 

1.016

× ESSR2

 

1.009

 

0.974

 

0.985

 

0.958^{*}

 

1.042^{**}

 

0.991

× ESSR3

 

1.007

 

1.035

 

0.983

 

1.043

 

1.033

 

1.033

× ESSR4

 

0.977

 

1.039

 

0.983

 

1.051

 

0.969

 

1.032

× ESSR5

 

1.011

 

1.086^{***}

 

1.027

 

1.105^{**}

 

0.988

 

1.071

× ESSR6

 

1.017

 

1.025

 

1.033

 

1.073^{*}

 

0.997

 

0.982

Unempl.

  

2.959

2.605

  

1.080

1.444

  

5.801^{*}

3.387

{ESS Round (rel. to Round 1)}

ESSR2

0.932^{**}

 

0.989

 

0.958

 

1.037

 

0.910^{**}

 

0.943

 

ESSR3

0.940^{*}

 

1.068^{*}

 

0.982

 

1.145^{***}

 

0.896^{**}

 

0.989

 

ESSR4

0.930^{**}

 

1.087^{**}

 

0.993

 

1.180^{***}

 

0.862^{***}

 

0.994

 

ESSR5

0.929^{**}

 

1.106^{***}

 

0.998

 

1.212^{***}

 

0.854^{***}

 

1.003

 

ESSR6

0.928^{**}

 

1.084^{**}

 

1.031

 

1.267^{***}

 

0.826^{***}

 

0.919

 

Female

0.995

0.994

1.192^{***}

1.192^{***}

        

Constant

0.156^{***}

0.147^{***}

0.032^{***}

0.035^{***}

0.148^{***}

0.149^{***}

0.036^{***}

0.042^{***}

0.165^{***}

0.145^{***}

0.034^{***}

0.034^{***}

{Random Effects}

Female

0.121

0.121

0.169

0.168

        
 

(0.025)

(0.025)

(0.031)

(0.031)

        

Const.

0.154

0.153

0.382

0.377

0.172

0.174

0.397

0.394

0.130

0.129

0.372

0.365

 

(0.024)

(0.024)

(0.051)

(0.051)

(0.027)

(0.028)

(0.054)

(0.053)

(0.022)

(0.022)

(0.051)

(0.050)

N

114869

114869

114869

114869

59079

59079

59079

59079

55790

55790

55790

55790

LR test

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

AIC

88695

88697

73005

73004

45669

45669

37279

37286

43019

43026

35721

35721

BIC

88791

88793

73469

73468

45741

45741

37693

37699

43091

43097

36131

36132

  1. \(^{***} p<0.01\), \(^{**} p<0.05\), \(^{*} p<0.10\) Subset of results shown. Likelihood ratio (LR) test compares the given models with the corresponding models fit by standard logistic regression; its p-value is reported. ESSR is ESS round. ESS round 1 was fielded in 2002–2003, round 2 in 2004–2005, round 3 in 2006–2007, round 4 in 2008–2009, round 5 in 2010–2011 and round 6 in 2012–2013. As stated in the main text, models (2) and (4) include the interaction between the JPI and ESS rounds but do not include the respective main effects.
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