From: Imbalanced Job Polarization and Skills Mismatch in Europe
 | Total, ISCO-Based Measure | Male, ISCO-Based Measure | Female, ISCO-Based Measure | |||||||||
 | vrule height.2pt width438pt depth.2pt | |||||||||||
 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
JPI | 1.020 | Â | 1.010 | Â | 1.067^{***} | Â | 1.047^{**} | Â | 0.980 | Â | 0.978 | Â |
× ESSR1 |  | 0.790^{***} |  | 0.821^{***} |  | 0.873^{**} |  | 0.918 |  | 0.717^{***} |  | 0.736^{***} |
× ESSR2 |  | 0.964^{*} |  | 0.979 |  | 1.011 |  | 1.026 |  | 0.911^{***} |  | 0.925^{**} |
× ESSR3 |  | 0.916^{***} |  | 0.909^{***} |  | 0.958 |  | 0.950 |  | 0.880^{***} |  | 0.876^{***} |
× ESSR4 |  | 1.108^{***} |  | 1.071^{***} |  | 1.186^{***} |  | 1.130^{***} |  | 1.057^{*} |  | 1.033 |
× ESSR5 |  | 1.089^{***} |  | 1.044 |  | 1.095^{**} |  | 1.019 |  | 1.087^{**} |  | 1.067^{*} |
× ESSR6 |  | 1.031 |  | 0.976 |  | 1.082^{**} |  | 1.000 |  | 0.994 |  | 0.964 |
Unempl. | Â | Â | 10.065^{***} | 46.582^{***} | Â | Â | 55.834^{***} | 296.734^{***} | Â | Â | 2.403 | 9.175^{***} |
{ESS Round (rel. to Round 1)} | ||||||||||||
ESSR2 | 1.153^{***} | Â | 1.120^{***} | Â | 1.150^{**} | Â | 1.101 | Â | 1.152^{**} | Â | 1.139^{**} | Â |
ESSR3 | 1.114^{***} | Â | 1.092^{**} | Â | 1.065 | Â | 1.038 | Â | 1.162^{***} | Â | 1.153^{**} | Â |
ESSR4 | 1.242^{***} | Â | 1.194^{***} | Â | 1.247^{***} | Â | 1.174^{***} | Â | 1.247^{***} | Â | 1.223^{***} | Â |
ESSR5 | 1.350^{***} | Â | 1.261^{***} | Â | 1.319^{***} | Â | 1.182^{***} | Â | 1.387^{***} | Â | 1.348^{***} | Â |
ESSR6 | 1.452^{***} | Â | 1.409^{***} | Â | 1.442^{***} | Â | 1.359^{***} | Â | 1.469^{***} | Â | 1.481^{***} | Â |
Female | 1.273^{***} | 1.275^{***} | 1.192^{***} | 1.193^{***} | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Constant | 0.072^{***} | 0.090^{***} | 0.086^{***} | 0.099^{***} | 0.070^{***} | 0.087^{***} | 0.071^{***} | 0.078^{***} | 0.094^{***} | 0.120^{***} | 0.109^{***} | 0.133^{***} |
{Random Effects} | ||||||||||||
Female | 0.243 | 0.244 | 0.247 | 0.246 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | (0.039) | (0.039) | (0.040) | (0.040) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Const. | 0.508 | 0.493 | 0.491 | 0.490 | 0.519 | 0.502 | 0.497 | 0.499 | 0.508 | 0.490 | 0.505 | 0.492 |
 | (0.069) | (0.067) | (0.067) | (0.067) | (0.071) | (0.069) | (0.068) | (0.069) | (0.069) | (0.067) | (0.069) | (0.068) |
N | 121731 | 121731 | 121731 | 121731 | 62980 | 62980 | 62980 | 62980 | 58751 | 58751 | 58751 | 58751 |
LR test | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
AIC | 75421 | 75465 | 74072 | 74099 | 36282 | 36313 | 35824 | 35840 | 39168 | 39174 | 38224 | 38230 |
BIC | 75518 | 75562 | 74519 | 74546 | 36355 | 36386 | 36222 | 36238 | 39240 | 39246 | 38619 | 38625 |
 | Total, Mean-Based Measure | Male, Mean-Based Measure | Female, Mean-Based Measure | |||||||||
 | vrule height.2pt width438pt depth.2pt | |||||||||||
 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
JPI | 1.015 | Â | 1.034^{**} | Â | 1.036^{**} | Â | 1.042^{**} | Â | 0.993 | Â | 1.023 | Â |
× ESSR1 |  | 1.029 |  | 1.185^{***} |  | 1.069 |  | 1.214^{***} |  | 0.983 |  | 1.142^{***} |
× ESSR2 |  | 1.002 |  | 1.048^{***} |  | 1.020 |  | 1.059^{***} |  | 0.978 |  | 1.036 |
× ESSR3 |  | 0.990 |  | 1.012 |  | 1.042 |  | 1.053 |  | 0.927^{**} |  | 0.963 |
× ESSR4 |  | 1.023 |  | 0.969 |  | 1.005 |  | 0.945 |  | 1.041 |  | 0.991 |
× ESSR5 |  | 1.033 |  | 0.942^{**} |  | 0.998 |  | 0.899^{***} |  | 1.072^{**} |  | 0.980 |
× ESSR6 |  | 1.038^{*} |  | 1.051^{**} |  | 1.080^{***} |  | 1.059^{*} |  | 1.007 |  | 1.037 |
Unempl. | Â | Â | 0.714 | 1.054 | Â | Â | 2.221 | 2.203 | Â | Â | 0.286 | 0.587 |
{ESS Round (rel. to Round 1)} | ||||||||||||
ESSR2 | 0.984 | Â | 0.926^{**} | Â | 0.943 | Â | 0.878^{***} | Â | 1.030 | Â | 0.993 | Â |
ESSR3 | 0.947^{*} | Â | 0.846^{***} | Â | 0.923^{*} | Â | 0.821^{***} | Â | 0.979 | Â | 0.884^{**} | Â |
ESSR4 | 0.965 | Â | 0.820^{***} | Â | 0.919^{**} | Â | 0.771^{***} | Â | 1.024 | Â | 0.888^{**} | Â |
ESSR5 | 1.006 | Â | 0.822^{***} | Â | 0.930^{*} | Â | 0.743^{***} | Â | 1.101^{**} | Â | 0.924 | Â |
ESSR6 | 1.010 | Â | 0.907^{***} | Â | 0.975 | Â | 0.834^{***} | Â | 1.058 | Â | 1.002 | Â |
Female | 0.874^{***} | 0.873^{***} | 0.723^{***} | 0.723^{***} | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Constant | 0.181^{***} | 0.178^{***} | 0.172^{***} | 0.150^{***} | 0.185^{***} | 0.177^{***} | 0.176^{***} | 0.148^{***} | 0.153^{***} | 0.157^{***} | 0.111^{***} | 0.102^{***} |
{Random Effects} | ||||||||||||
Female | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.070 | 0.072 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.025) | (0.025) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Const. | 0.065 | 0.061 | 0.253 | 0.251 | 0.069 | 0.064 | 0.264 | 0.262 | 0.077 | 0.067 | 0.224 | 0.223 |
 | (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.035) | (0.035) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.037) | (0.036) | (0.019) | (0.019) | (0.033) | (0.033) |
N | 114869 | 114869 | 114869 | 114869 | 59079 | 59079 | 59079 | 59079 | 55790 | 55790 | 55790 | 55790 |
LR test | 0.088 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.129 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.086 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
AIC | 95072 | 95075 | 81510 | 81526 | 50583 | 50584 | 43461 | 43474 | 44491 | 44485 | 38073 | 38077 |
BIC | 95168 | 95171 | 81974 | 81990 | 50655 | 50656 | 43874 | 43888 | 44562 | 44557 | 38484 | 38488 |