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Table 13 Summary Statistics for Multi-Level Models, Binary and Continuous Variables

From: Imbalanced Job Polarization and Skills Mismatch in Europe

  

ISCO-Based Models

Mean-Based Models

  

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Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Overeducation

 

0.098

0.087

0.109

0.145

0.153

0.137

  

(0.297)

(0.282)

(0.311)

(0.352)

(0.360)

(0.343)

Undereducation

 

0.298

0.316

0.278

0.130

0.131

0.130

  

(0.457)

(0.465)

(0.448)

(0.337)

(0.337)

(0.336)

Age

 

41.946

42.012

41.877

41.882

41.935

41.825

  

(12.018)

(12.275)

(11.736)

(12.010)

(12.266)

(11.733)

Female

 

0.483

  

0.486

  
  

(0.500)

  

(0.500)

  

Works as supervisor

 

0.323

0.386

0.256

0.319

0.381

0.254

  

(0.468)

(0.487)

(0.436)

(0.466)

(0.486)

(0.436)

Student

 

0.037

0.032

0.043

0.037

0.031

0.043

  

(0.190)

(0.175)

(0.204)

(0.188)

(0.173)

(0.203)

Disabled

 

0.142

0.134

0.152

0.141

0.133

0.151

  

(0.349)

(0.340)

(0.359)

(0.349)

(0.339)

(0.358)

Was unemployed for 3 months

 

0.278

0.272

0.284

0.278

0.273

0.283

  

(0.448)

(0.445)

(0.451)

(0.448)

(0.446)

(0.451)

Was unemployed for 1 year

 

0.095

0.085

0.106

0.095

0.085

0.106

  

(0.294)

(0.280)

(0.308)

(0.294)

(0.280)

(0.308)

No written contract

 

0.052

0.050

0.054

0.052

0.050

0.054

  

(0.222)

(0.218)

(0.226)

(0.221)

(0.217)

(0.226)

Social orientation

 

0.187

0.181

0.193

0.186

0.181

0.193

  

(0.225)

(0.226)

(0.224)

(0.225)

(0.226)

(0.224)

Achievement orientation

 

0.087

0.091

0.083

0.088

0.092

0.083

  

* (0.192)

(0.198)

(0.185)

(0.192)

(0.199)

(0.186)

Openness to experience

 

0.178

0.177

0.180

0.178

0.176

0.179

  

(0.248)

(0.248)

(0.248)

(0.248)

(0.248)

(0.248)

Higher education, mother

 

0.082

0.078

0.085

0.082

0.078

0.085

  

(0.274)

(0.269)

(0.279)

(0.274)

(0.269)

(0.279)

Higher education, father

 

0.120

0.119

0.121

0.119

0.118

0.121

  

(0.325)

(0.324)

(0.326)

(0.324)

(0.323)

(0.326)

Higher education, partner

 

0.170

0.173

0.167

0.170

0.173

0.167

  

(0.376)

(0.378)

(0.373)

(0.375)

(0.378)

(0.373)

Parent supervises others

 

0.294

0.299

0.289

0.293

0.298

0.289

  

(0.456)

(0.458)

(0.453)

(0.455)

(0.457)

(0.453)

Unemployment rate

 

0.044

0.047

0.040

0.044

0.047

0.040

  

(0.256)

(0.031)

(0.024)

(0.026)

(0.031)

(0.024)

JPI

 

0.725

0.630

0.811

0.725

0.630

0.811

  

(0.980)

(0.988)

(1.173)

(0.980)

(0.988)

(1.173)

  1. Mean values reported, standard deviation in brackets. Unemployment rate calculated from ESS data over country–round pairs.