Table 10 Odds Ratios After Multi-Level Mixed Effects Logit of Undereducation: Key Effects, Sex-Specific JPI

ISCO-Based Measure

Mean-Based Measure

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Male

Female

Male

Female

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(3)

(4)

(3)

(4)

(3)

(4)

(3)

(4)

JPI

1.009

0.973^{**}

1.034^{*}

0.995

× Round 1

1.235^{***}

1.213^{***}

0.873^{***}

1.034

× Round 2

1.034^{**}

1.057^{***}

0.970

0.975

× Round 3

1.056^{*}

1.048^{**}

1.073

1.014

× Round 4

1.136^{***}

0.998

1.112^{**}

1.017

× Round 5

1.010

0.964

1.107^{**}

1.070

× Round 6

0.994

0.961^{**}

1.070^{*}

0.990

Unemployment rate

0.327^{*}

0.008^{***}

2.475

0.033^{***}

1.103

1.875

6.202^{*}

3.084

{ESS Round (rel. to Round 1)}

Round 2

0.929^{**}

0.868^{***}

1.036

0.948

Round 3

0.918^{***}

0.808^{***}

1.153^{***}

0.991

Round 4

0.930^{**}

0.747^{***}

1.190^{***}

0.995

Round 5

0.771^{***}

0.664^{***}

1.214^{***}

1.006

Round 6

0.587^{***}

0.440^{***}

1.272^{***}

0.917

Constant

0.894

0.828

0.803

0.635^{***}

0.035^{***}

0.041^{***}

0.035^{***}

0.034^{***}

{Random Effects}

Constant

0.538

0.549

0.481

0.468

0.397

0.395

0.372

0.366

(0.071)

(0.072)

(0.064)

(0.062)

(0.054)

(0.053)

(0.051)

(0.050)

N

62980

62980

58751

58751

59079

59079

55790

55790

LR test, p-value

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

AIC

71772

71993

64388

64818

37278

37281

35721

35720

BIC

72171

72391

64783

65214

37691

37695

36131

36131