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Table 4 Low pay by type of job, 2010. (Source: Federal Statistical Office)

From: Not so standard anymore? Employment duality in GermanyVom Normalarbeitsverhältnis zu atypischen Verträgen? Die Dualisierung des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes

 

Total

Standard employment

Non-standard contracts

All non-standard contracts

Part-time work

Fixed-term contracts

Marginal part-time work

Temporary agency workers

Total

20.6

10.8

49.8

20.9

33.5

84.3

67.7

Women

26.5

15.1

47.6

19.2

35.5

84.8

72.9

Men

15.8

8.1

53.7

34.3

31.6

83.4

65.4

Less than upper secondary education

52.8

22.7

77.8

44.7

62.2

88.1

85.5

Upper secondary education

17.7

12.1

39.4

17.1

36.2

77.2

57.6

Tertiary education

1.7

0.5

8.3

2.7

5.7

61.4

20.7

Selected occupational groups

Academic occupations

3.0

1.0

10.5

3.5

5.7

64.9

/

Technicians and equivalent non-tech. occupations

7.6

4.0

24.9

4.7

17.3

68.1

29.2

Office clerks

23.4

10.9

48.1

13.2

39.4

80.3

62.5

Service and sales occupations

42.3

28.4

65.4

30.0

58.3

88.6

72.1

Crafts

16.1

11.1

48.7

32.6

31.3

81.0

47.6

Machine operators and assemblers

23.7

17.1

60.6

33.2

39.7

89.3

63.0

Labourers

61.5

39.7

79.2

56.3

70.7

90.3

89.2