Table 1 Use of targeted wage subsidies by establishment characteristics, column percentages of establishments

Western Germany

82

58

82

56

80

66

80

65

Eastern Germany

18

42

18

44

20

34

20

35

Agriculture, hunting & forestry

3

4

3

3

3

1

2

3

Mining and electricity & gas

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

Food products

2

2

2

5

2

3

2

1

Consumer goods

2

2

2

3

2

2

1

3

Producer goods

2

3

2

3

2

3

1

2

Capital goods/consumer durables

4

10

5

7

5

9

5

7

Construction

11

10

11

12

11

10

11

11

Wholesale, retail and repair

22

17

22

18

22

18

21

14

Transport and communication

5

6

5

8

5

5

7

7

Financial intermediation

2

2

3

1

3

1

3

1

Hotels and restaurants

7

4

7

7

7

5

7

5

Education

2

3

3

2

3

2

3

3

Health and social work

10

10

10

10

11

14

10

14

Business services

13

14

16

14

17

19

17

18

Other service activities

8

6

5

2

5

5

5

3

Non-profit organizations

5

5

4

3

4

3

4

6

Est. size below 20 employees

91

70

91

68

91

66

90

68

Est. size 20 to 99 employees

8

21

8

23

7

24

8

21

Est. size 100 to 499 emp’s

1

7

1

8

1

8

2

9

Est. size 500 or more emp’s

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

2

Proportion unskilled workers

20

22

19

20

17

20

16

24

Proportion skilled workers

49

53

48

55

50

57

50

53

Proportion graduates

5

7

6

7

6

8

7

6

Proportion trainees

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Proportion owners

23

14

24

13

23

11

23

13

Proportion women

47

42

47

45

47

41

48

46

Proportion fixed-term workers

3

7

3

7

4

8

3

8

Works council

8

15

8

14

8

14

8

14

Industry-level agreement

39

29

34

27

32

32

32

32

Firm-level agreement

3

6

3

5

3

5

3

5

Employment growth rate

−1

3

−1

3

0

5

0

3

Labor turnover rate

10

20

10

19

10

20

10

19

Increase in employment expected

9

20

9

17

13

28

10

17

Decrease in employment expected

12

18

10

15

6

7

8

9

Number in thousands

2013

102

1954

67

1895

96

1932

86

Proportion with targeted wage subsidy

4.84

3.31

4.84

4.28