Table 1 Means and standard deviations of variables used in Heckman estimation

Log Hourly Wage

1.907

1.981

1.813

2.653

2.695

2.520

(0.678)

(0.712)

(0.621)

(0.854)

(0.859)

(0.825)

Work participation

0.542

0.484

0.641

0.362

0.346

0.421

Illiterate & below primary

0.416

0.358

0.515

0.199

0.177

0.284

Primary

0.140

0.141

0.139

0.108

0.103

0.127

Middle

0.157

0.165

0.142

0.161

0.158

0.173

Secondary

0.175

0.200

0.133

0.243

0.248

0.220

Higher secondary

0.069

0.082

0.048

0.132

0.138

0.107

Graduate

0.043

0.054

0.023

0.158

0.176

0.089

Experience

23.457

22.758

24.648

20.784

20.697

21.120

(16.243)

(16.375)

(15.945)

(15.362)

(15.355)

(15.386)

Experience squared

814.045

786.054

861.754

667.966

664.148

682.743

(924.687)

(924.335)

(923.354)

(806.630)

(802.113)

(823.759)

Sex (Dummy, Ref. -Male)

0.484

0.497

0.461

0.532

0.538

0.509

Marital Status (Dummy, Ref.-Unmarried)

0.715

0.697

0.744

0.685

0.686

0.681

Others

0.240

–

–

0.419

–

–

OBC

0.390

–

–

0.376

–

–

SC

0.252

–

–

0.170

–

–

ST

0.118

–

–

0.035

–

–

Illiterate & below primary

0.550

0.483

0.665

0.271

0.239

0.395

Primary

0.180

0.195

0.154

0.154

0.152

0.162

Middle

0.109

0.124

0.085

0.154

0.157

0.143

Secondary and higher secondary

0.135

0.165

0.083

0.286

0.300

0.230

Graduate

0.026

0.033

0.014

0.135

0.152

0.070

Household size

6.216

6.360

5.971

5.597

5.587

5.636

(3.129)

(3.282)

(2.832)

(2.577)

(2.650)

(2.270)

No. of children

1.876

1.868

1.891

1.379

1.355

1.472

(1.787)

(1.830)

(1.711)

(1.463)

(1.471)

(1.427)

No land

0.484

0.434

0.568

–

–

–

>0 & ≤4 acre

0.399

0.420

0.363

–

–

–

>4 & ≤15 acre

0.099

0.121

0.061

–

–

–

>15 acre

0.018

0.025

0.007

–

–

–

No non-labor income

–

–

–

0.918

0.911

0.945

>0 & ≤2500 rupees

–

–

–

0.018

0.018

0.014

>2500 & ≤8000 rupees

–

–

–

0.019

0.020

0.013

>8000 rupees

–

–

–

0.046

0.051

0.027