From: Firm leadership and the gender pay gap: do active owners discriminate more than hired managers?
Variable | West Germany | East Germany | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Owner-run | Manager-run | Owner-run | Manager-run | |
Establishment size | 142.200 | 149.810 [0.698] | 74.319 | 79.984 [0.574] |
Collective agreement at sector level (dummy) | 0.491 | 0.471 [0.529] | 0.301 | 0.301 [1.000] |
Collective agreement at firm level (dummy) | 0.059 | 0.071 [0.445] | 0.128 | 0.105 [0.311] |
Works council (dummy) | 0.422 | 0.384 [0.223] | 0.262 | 0.275 [0.684] |
Exporter (dummy) | 0.360 | 0.329 [0.290] | 0.322 | 0.275 [0.155] |
Foreign ownership (dummy) | 0.036 | 0.034 [0.864] | 0.031 | 0.034 [0.839] |
New production technology (dummy) | 0.721 | 0.705 [0.578] | 0.696 | 0.709 [0.693] |
Proportion of female workers | 0.370 | 0.392 [0.204] | 0.365 | 0.365 [0.973] |
Proportion of qualified workers | 0.740 | 0.755 [0.396] | 0.862 | 0.872 [0.565] |
Plant located in rural area (dummy) | 0.196 | 0.202 [0.813] | 0.427 | 0.421 [0.884] |
Agriculture, hunting, forestry (dummy) | 0.014 | 0.010 [0.562] | 0.045 | 0.042 [0.859] |
Mining, quarrying, electricity, gas, water (dummy) | 0.018 | 0.026 [0.389] | 0.021 | 0.018 [0.795] |
Manufacturing (dummy) | 0.315 | 0.277 [0.191] | 0.369 | 0.374 [0.881] |
Trade and repair (dummy) | 0.196 | 0.224 [0.280] | 0.131 | 0.141 [0.674] |
Construction (dummy) | 0.032 | 0.034 [0.860] | 0.060 | 0.068 [0.658] |
Transport, storage, communication (dummy) | 0.065 | 0.050 [0.280] | 0.047 | 0.052 [0.740] |
Financial intermediation (dummy) | 0.016 | 0.016 [1.000] | 0.005 | 0.013 [0.255] |
Business activities (dummy) | 0.117 | 0.118 [0.685] | 0.160 | 0.141 [0.479] |
Other activities (dummy) | 0.166 | 0.176 [0.677] | 0.162 | 0.149 [0.618] |
Number of plants | 505 | 505 | 382 | 382 |