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Table 3 Plant characteristics by leadership (matched sample; means)

From: Firm leadership and the gender pay gap: do active owners discriminate more than hired managers?

Variable

West Germany

East Germany

Owner-run

Manager-run

Owner-run

Manager-run

Establishment size

142.200

149.810 [0.698]

74.319

79.984 [0.574]

Collective agreement at sector level (dummy)

0.491

0.471 [0.529]

0.301

0.301 [1.000]

Collective agreement at firm level (dummy)

0.059

0.071 [0.445]

0.128

0.105 [0.311]

Works council (dummy)

0.422

0.384 [0.223]

0.262

0.275 [0.684]

Exporter (dummy)

0.360

0.329 [0.290]

0.322

0.275 [0.155]

Foreign ownership (dummy)

0.036

0.034 [0.864]

0.031

0.034 [0.839]

New production technology (dummy)

0.721

0.705 [0.578]

0.696

0.709 [0.693]

Proportion of female workers

0.370

0.392 [0.204]

0.365

0.365 [0.973]

Proportion of qualified workers

0.740

0.755 [0.396]

0.862

0.872 [0.565]

Plant located in rural area (dummy)

0.196

0.202 [0.813]

0.427

0.421 [0.884]

Agriculture, hunting, forestry (dummy)

0.014

0.010 [0.562]

0.045

0.042 [0.859]

Mining, quarrying, electricity, gas, water (dummy)

0.018

0.026 [0.389]

0.021

0.018 [0.795]

Manufacturing (dummy)

0.315

0.277 [0.191]

0.369

0.374 [0.881]

Trade and repair (dummy)

0.196

0.224 [0.280]

0.131

0.141 [0.674]

Construction (dummy)

0.032

0.034 [0.860]

0.060

0.068 [0.658]

Transport, storage, communication (dummy)

0.065

0.050 [0.280]

0.047

0.052 [0.740]

Financial intermediation (dummy)

0.016

0.016 [1.000]

0.005

0.013 [0.255]

Business activities (dummy)

0.117

0.118 [0.685]

0.160

0.141 [0.479]

Other activities (dummy)

0.166

0.176 [0.677]

0.162

0.149 [0.618]

Number of plants

505

505

382

382

  1. Notes: The data set used is the LIAB cross-sectional model for the year 2007. The p-values for t-tests of the hypothesis that there are no group differences are reported in squared brackets