Personnel adjustments during the Covid-19 pandemic: did co-determination make a difference?

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 4 Means of explanatory variables by existence of a works council

	Works council		No works council
	Mean	Std. dev.	Mean	Std. dev.
Collective agreement, sectoral level (dummy)	0.4511	0.4985	0.2624	0.4402
Collective agreement, firm level (dummy)	0.2481	0.4327	0.0486	0.2151
Size 5–9 employees (dummy)	0.0113	0.1058	0.2181	0.4132
Size 10–49 employees (dummy)	0.1504	0.3581	0.4881	0.5001
Size 50–249 employees (dummy)	0.5714	0.4958	0.2721	0.4453
Size 500 + employees (dummy)	0.2669	0.4432	0.0216	0.1454
Owner-managed (dummy)	0.1090	0.3123	0.6998	0.4586
Single-plant firm (dummy)	0.4098	0.4927	0.7570	0.4291
Headquarter (dummy)	0.2669	0.4432	0.1361	0.3430
Foreign ownership (dummy)	0.1391	0.3467	0.0378	0.1908
Good profit situation before crisis (dummy)	0.7105	0.4544	0.7937	0.4048
Business volume decreased (dummy)	0.4624	0.4995	0.4600	0.4987
Government support (dummy)	0.3083	0.4626	0.3672	0.4823
Export (dummy)	0.4737	0.5002	0.3499	0.4772
Eastern Germany (dummy)	0.1353	0.3427	0.1782	0.3829
Young establishment (dummy)	0.0526	0.2237	0.1069	0.3092
Women (share)	0.4477	0.2847	0.4794	0.2997
Low-skilled occupations (share)	0.3299	0.2823	0.4080	0.3312
Highly-skilled occupations (share)	0.2633	0.3018	0.1613	0.2660
Marginal part-time employees (share)	0.0633	0.0953	0.1803	0.1982
Apprentices (share)	0.0415	0.0465	0.0467	0.0769
Part-time employees (share)	0.2396	0.2362	0.2227	0.2143
Employees with fixed-term contract (share)	0.2108	0.1627	0.1537	0.1874
Employees with foreign nationality (share)	0.0840	0.1113	0.1185	0.1720
No. of establishments	266		926

Private sector, establishments with at least 5 employees; establishment size refers to February 2020, profit situation and workforce composition to 2019, and change in the business volume to 2020 compared to 2019