Table 2 Determinants of establishments’ personnel adjustments

Works council (dummy)

− 0.0425

(0.0126)***

− 0.0223

(0.0061)***

− 0.0288

(0.0211)

− 0.0785

(0.0221)***

0.0063

(0.0202)

− 0.0169

(0.0413)

Collective agreement, sectoral level (dummy)

0.0238

(0.0142)

0.0056

(0.0076)

0.0194

(0.0161)

0.0643

(0.0250)**

− 0.0015

(0.0145)

− 0.0234

(0.0301)

Collective agreement, firm level (dummy)

− 0.0015

(0.0105)

− 0.0092

(0.0054)*

0.0199

(0.0183)

0.0218

(0.0181)

− 0.0116

(0.0189)

− 0.0400

(0.0456)

Size 5–9 employees (reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Size 10–49 employees (dummy)

0.0017

(0.0118)

0.0131

(0.0074)*

0.0533

(0.0142)***

0.0274

(0.0182)

− 0.0906

(0.0176)***

− 0.0206

(0.0364)

Size 50–249 employees (dummy)

0.0032

(0.0156)

0.0167

(0.0095)*

0.0615

(0.0217)***

0.0460

(0.0267)*

− 0.1102

(0.0228)***

− 0.0138

(0.0428)

Size 500 + employees (dummy)

− 0.0105

(0.0168)

0.0072

(0.0096)

0.0980

(0.0444)**

0.0120

(0.0265)

− 0.1527

(0.0469)***

− 0.0519

(0.0649)

Owner- managed (dummy)

0.0120

(0.0123)

− 0.0045

(0.0084)

0.0148

(0.0177)

0.0021

(0.0212)

− 0.0017

(0.0174)

− 0.0511

(0.0313)

Single-plant firm (dummy)

− 0.0400

(0.0177)**

0.0012

(0.0086)

− 0.0567

(0.0207)***

− 0.0684

(0.0310)**

0.0201

(0.0191)

0.0379

(0.0383)

Headquarter (dummy)

− 0.0340

(0.0179)*

− 0.0002

(0.0083)

− 0.0106

(0.0261)

− 0.0512

(0.0317)

− 0.0187

(0.0246)

0.1206

(0.0452)***

Foreign ownership (dummy)

0.0063

(0.0146)

0.0059

(0.0082)

− 0.0026

(0.0180)

− 0.0090

(0.0209)

0.0057

(0.0214)

0.0063

(0.0519)

Good profit situation before crisis (dummy)

0.0001

(0.0084)

− 0.0055

(0.0055)

0.0182

(0.0104)*

0.0138

(0.0131)

− 0.0146

(0.0121)

− 0.0707

(0.0302)**

Business volume decreased (dummy)

− 0.0289

(0.0112)**

0.0225

(0.0052)***

0.0402

(0.0126)***

− 0.0011

(0.0188)

− 0.0934

(0.0118)***

0.3276

(0.0286)***

Government support (dummy)

− 0.0050

(0.0103)

0.0080

(0.0076)

0.0209

(0.0139)

− 0.0037

(0.0173)

− 0.0375

(0.0144)***

0.1979

(0.0296)***

Export (dummy)

− 0.0228

(0.0107)**

− 0.0058

(0.0069)

− 0.0152

(0.0158)

− 0.0451

(0.0180)**

0.0039

(0.0165)

0.0680

(0.0297)**

Eastern Germany (dummy)

0.0005

(0.0137)

0.0011

(0.0056)

0.0447

(0.0183)**

0.0240

(0.0240)

− 0.0495

(0.0169)***

0.0093

(0.0342)

Young establishment (dummy)

0.0795

(0.0351)**

0.0074

(0.0119)

0.0422

(0.0348)

0.0915

(0.0595)

0.0291

(0.0258)

0.0359

(0.0434)

Women (share)

0.0167

(0.0239)

− 0.0147

(0.0146)

0.0149

(0.0310)

0.0209

(0.0411)

0.0162

(0.0324)

− 0.1153

(0.0684)*

Low-skilled occupations (share)

0.0284

(0.0147)**

0.0186

(0.0112)*

− 0.0020

(0.0229)

0.0444

(0.0246)*

0.0156

(0.0257)

− 0.0653

(0.0527)

Highly-skilled occupations (share)

0.0393

(0.0466)

0.0003

(0.0114)

0.0067

(0.0457)

0.0577

(0.0777)

0.0323

(0.0318)

− 0.4128

(0.0679)***

Marginal part-time employees (share)

− 0.0441

(0.0345)

0.0105

(0.0243)

0.1196

(0.0515)**

− 0.0543

(0.0589)

− 0.1693

(0.0527)***

− 0.0015

(0.0847)

Apprentices (share)

− 0.1202

(0.0699)*

− 0.0338

(0.0346)

− 0.0728

(0.0777)

− 0.2333

(0.1081)**

0.0537

(0.0890)

0.0886

(0.1857)

Part- time employees (share)

− 0.0810

(0.0376)**

− 0.0329

(0.0179)*

− 0.0422

(0.0434)

− 0.1652

(0.0636)**

0.0070

(0.0404)

0.0364

(0.0814)

Employees with fixed-term contract (share)

− 0.0050

(0.0320)

− 0.0146

(0.0169)

0.0145

(0.0477)

− 0.0631

(0.0586)

− 0.0136

(0.0449)

0.1094

(0.0758)

Employees with foreign nationality (share)

0.0774

(0.0452)*

0.0875

(0.0306)***

0.1497

(0.0537)***

0.1652

(0.0842)*

− 0.1608

(0.0523)***

0.1631

(0.0848)*

8 industry dummies

Included***

Included**

Included***

Included***

Included

Included***

Intercept

0.1165

(0.0312)***

− 0.0014

(0.0171)

0.0001

(0.0375)

0.1244

(0.0530)**

0.1472

(0.0375)***

0.4538

(0.0774)***

R-squared

0.1141

0.1050

0.1171

0.1071

0.1610

0.3301

No. of observations

1192

1192

1192

1192

1192

1192