Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables
From: Union membership and the wage gap between the public and private sectors: evidence from China
|  | Public | Private | Gap =  | t-test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | (a) | (b) | (a)-(b) | p-value |
Log of hourly wage | 2.503 | 2.205 | 0.298*** | 0.000 |
Union | 28.1% | 6.9% | 0.212*** | 0.000 |
Year of schooling | 13.116 | 10.166 | 2.950*** | 0.000 |
Year of work experience | 21.114 | 21.243 | − 0.129 | 0.504 |
Ethnicity (Han) | 95.1% | 96.1% | − 0.010*** | 0.003 |
Health | 38.7% | 42.7% | − 0.040*** | 0.000 |
Urban | 90.6% | 64.1% | 0.265*** | 0.000 |
Married | 77.5% | 71.8% | 0.056*** | 0.000 |
Party | 30.6% | 7.7% | 0.229*** | 0.000 |
Occupation | ||||
 Manager | 8.7% | 7.3% | 0.015*** | 0.000 |
 Technician | 30.4% | 11.1% | 0.192*** | 0.000 |
 Clerk | 23.1% | 9.8% | 0.133*** | 0.000 |
 Operator | 21.6% | 39.1% | − 0.175*** | 0.000 |
 Other occupation | 16.2% | 32.7% | − 0.165*** | 0.000 |
Industry | ||||
 Manufacturing and construction | 21.3% | 44.0% | − 0.227*** | 0.001 |
 Traffic and communication | 9.0% | 7.6% | 0.014*** | 0.000 |
 Retail and hotel | 4.7% | 21.5% | − 0.168*** | 0.000 |
 Service | 39.4% | 19.9% | 0.195*** | 0.000 |
 Other industry | 25.6% | 7.0% | 0.186*** | 0.000 |
Region | ||||
 East | 48.0% | 59.1% | − 0.112*** | 0.000 |
 Central | 32.1% | 26.9% | 0.052*** | 0.000 |
 West | 19.9% | 14.0% | 0.060*** | 0.000 |
Year | ||||
 y2010 | 31.1% | 34.6% | − 0.035*** | 0.000 |
 y2012 | 18.5% | 25.3% | − 0.067*** | 0.000 |
 y2014 | 20.1% | 12.2% | 0.078*** | 0.000 |
 y2016 | 10.2% | 15.9% | − 0.057*** | 0.000 |
 y2018 | 20.1% | 12.0% | 0.081*** | 0.000 |
No. of samples | 5496 | Â | 8588 | Â |