The impact of lower caseloads in public employment services on the unemployed

Böheim, René; Eppel, Rainer; Mahringer, Helmut

doi:10.1186/s12651-023-00357-4

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 7 Summary statistics.

From: The impact of lower caseloads in public employment services on the unemployed

	Controls	Treated	Difference
New entrant	0.492	0.497	− 0.004
Existing client	0.508	0.503	0.004
RCT entry month
January	0.554	0.557	− 0.004
February	0.045	0.038	0.007*
March	0.044	0.039	0.005
April	0.043	0.044	− 0.002
May	0.035	0.035	0.000
June	0.042	0.043	0.000
July	0.040	0.039	0.001
August	0.036	0.031	0.004
September	0.047	0.046	0.001
October	0.043	0.040	0.003
November	0.039	0.047	− 0.008**
December	0.033	0.042	− 0.009**
Female	0.422	0.420	0.001
Age	38.560	38.890	− 0.330
Marital status
Single	0.457	0.453	0.004
Married/registered partnership	0.266	0.276	− 0.010
Cohabiting union	0.067	0.066	0.001
Divorced	0.165	0.159	0.006
Married/living apart	0.036	0.037	− 0.001
Widowed	0.008	0.009	− 0.001
Female, family-related returner to the workforce	0.087	0.094	− 0.008
Health restriction
Legal disability status	0.017	0.014	0.003
Other health-related employment limitation	0.121	0.130	− 0.008
Education
At most compulsory school	0.460	0.477	− 0.017*
Apprenticeship	0.196	0.192	0.004
Intermediate vocational school	0.042	0.039	0.003
Higher academic or vocational school	0.159	0.160	− 0.001
Academic education	0.143	0.132	0.010
Economic sector
Agriculture, mining	0.003	0.003	0.000
Manufacturing	0.039	0.033	0.006*
Energy and water supply	0.002	0.001	0.001
Construction	0.061	0.068	− 0.007
Trade	0.133	0.127	0.006
Transport and logistics	0.040	0.043	− 0.003
Accommodation and gastronomy	0.121	0.120	0.001
Information and communication, financial and insurance service provider, real estate and housing	0.061	0.062	− 0.001
Freelance, academic, technological services	0.060	0.060	0.000
Other economical service	0.216	0.209	0.007
Public service	0.127	0.116	0.011*
Other services	0.047	0.052	− 0.005
Other/unknown	0.090	0.107	− 0.017***
Last occupation
Simple/basic services	0.111	0.115	− 0.005
Hospitality sector occupations	0.134	0.131	0.003
Health, teaching, cultural occupations	0.098	0.097	0.001
Mandataries, legal, administrative- and office occupations	0.176	0.160	0.015**
Agriculture and forestry occupations	0.008	0.009	0.000
Manufacturing occupations	0.237	0.248	− 0.011
Technical occupations	0.060	0.056	0.004
Transport occupations	0.044	0.048	− 0.005
Trade and sales professions	0.127	0.131	− 0.004
Unknown	0.006	0.004	0.002
Number of children (only women)
No child	0.862	0.857	0.005
One child	0.076	0.083	− 0.007
Two children	0.042	0.043	− 0.002
At least three children	0.021	0.017	0.004
Age of the youngest child
Up to 2 years	0.015	0.010	0.005**
Between 2 and 7 years	0.041	0.041	0.000
Between 7 and 10 years	0.015	0.016	-0.001
Between 10 and 15 years	0.020	0.023	− 0.004
Over 15 years	0.048	0.054	− 0.006
Nationality
Austria	0.649	0.645	0.004
Germany	0.021	0.019	0.003
EU15 (without Austria, Germany)	0.019	0.022	− 0.003
Turkey	0.034	0.035	− 0.001
Former Yugoslavia (without Slovenia, Croatia)	0.077	0.075	0.002
EU2004-member state	0.057	0.055	0.003
EU2007/2013-member state	0.033	0.029	0.004
Other country	0.109	0.121	− 0.011*
Nationalised	0.160	0.161	− 0.001
Job promise	0.020	0.010	0.010***
Unemployment insurance benefit receipt
Unemployment benefit	0.363	0.355	0.008
Unemployment assistance	0.426	0.406	0.020**
None	0.212	0.239	− 0.028***
Unemployment insurance benefit level (per day in €)
Up to 20	0.192	0.188	0.004
20–25	0.140	0.127	0.013*
26–30	0.239	0.226	0.013
Over 30	0.216	0.219	− 0.003
No benefit	0.212	0.239	− 0.028***
Needs-based minimum benefit (BMS)—full receipt	0.016	0.012	0.005*
Needs-based minimum benefit (BMS)—partial receipt	0.025	0.016	0.009***
Previous duration in consultation zone (days)	272.800	263.300	9.503
Zone before RCT entry
Only counselling zone	0.160	0.183	− 0.023***
Counselling zone and other	0.357	0.326	0.031***
Only other	0.346	0.335	0.011
None	0.137	0.155	− 0.018**
Zone at unemployment entry
Service zone	0.681	0.646	0.035***
Counselling zone	0.287	0.328	− 0.041***
Other	0.032	0.026	0.005
Previous unemployment duration (days)	361.300	339.400	21.856*
Long-term jobless	0.265	0.246	0.019**
Employment statuses during unemployment episode (days)
Registered unemployment	263.000	243.200	19.802**
PES training	65.110	61.730	3.382
Apprenticeship search	0.450	0.569	− 0.119
Health check	4.019	3.850	0.169
Skilled worker scholarship	0.136	0.460	− 0.324**
Other unemployment status	20.940	21.510	− 0.572
Dependent employed	2.722	2.896	− 0.174
Dependent employed (first labour market)	0.336	0.307	0.029
Dependent employed (second labour market)	1.711	1.566	0.146
Self-employed	0.273	0.454	− 0.181**
Retired	0.020	0.019	0.001
Out of labour force	0.031	0.001	0.030
Marginally employed	0.117	0.141	− 0.024
Other labour market status	2.366	2.676	− 0.310
Time since last employment (days)
Up to 90	0.548	0.520	0.028***
Between 90 and 180	0.027	0.030	− 0.003
Between 180 and 366	0.045	0.049	− 0.004
More than 366	0.231	0.241	− 0.010
No previous employment	0.149	0.159	− 0.010
Income (assessment basis without special payment) in last dependent employment (in €)
Up to 1000	0.213	0.213	0.000
Between 1000 and 1500	0.235	0.243	− 0.008
Between 1500 and 2000	0.165	0.156	0.008
Between 2000 and 2500	0.094	0.086	0.008
More than 2500	0.115	0.116	− 0.001
Past labour market statuses (days)
Registered unemployment in past 2 years	268.000	261.500	6.549*
Registered unemployment in past 5 years	507.900	493.700	14.190*
Registered unemployment in past 15 years	953.400	938.900	14.450
PES training in past 2 years	64.130	62.410	1.715
PES training in past 5 years	126.400	119.900	6.450*
PES training in past 15 years	228.100	215.100	12.986**
Other unemployment status in past 2 years	41.800	45.820	− 4.019**
Other unemployment status in past 5 years	99.330	106.000	− 6.696*
Other unemployment status in past 15 years	181.400	188.100	− 6.743
Subsidised dependent employment in 1st labour market in past 2 years	4.925	4.737	0.187
Subsidised dependent employment in 1st labour market in past 5 years	13.160	12.740	0.414
Subsidised dependent employment in 1st labour market in past 15 years	32.530	28.990	3.540
Subsidised dependent employment in 2nd labour market in past 2 years	9.386	8.743	0.643
Subsidised dependent employment in 2nd labour market in past 5 years	17.670	16.630	1.047
Subsidised dependent employment in 2nd labour market in past 15 years	27.060	24.970	2.090
Unsubsidised dependent employment in past 2 years	186.900	181.300	5.616
Unsubsidised dependent employment in past 5 years	547.800	531.200	16.620
Unsubsidised dependent employment in past 15 years	1564.000	1541.000	22.540
Self-employment in past 2 years	11.850	13.020	− 1.168
Self-employment in past 5 years	38.710	40.050	− 1.339
Self-employment in past 15 years	122.200	134.900	− 12.720
Secured OLF-status in past 2 years	16.960	15.260	1.695
Secured OLF-status in past 5 years	54.440	54.700	− 0.264
Secured OLF-status in past 15 years	155.200	158.600	− 3.468
Marginal employment in past 2 years	11.620	11.570	0.053
Marginal employment in past 5 years	37.380	36.390	0.985
Marginal employment in past 15 years	102.100	101.500	0.638
Sick pay during unemployment in past 2 years	21.520	23.100	− 1.581
Sick pay during unemployment in past 5 years	40.050	43.000	− 2.946
Sick pay during unemployment in past 15 years	66.880	72.710	− 5.826*
Sick pay during employment in past 2 years	0.038	0.020	0.018
Sick pay during employment in past 5 years	0.084	0.063	0.021
Sick pay during employment in past 15 years	0.260	0.325	− 0.065
Employed on the reference date
2 weeks before RCT entry	0.483	0.455	0.028***
3 months before RCT entry	0.504	0.474	0.030***
6 months before RCT entry	0.464	0.440	0.024**
1 year before RCT entry	0.434	0.405	0.029***
2 years before RCT entry	0.408	0.394	0.015
Active labour market policy participation in past 6 months (days)
Active job search	1.304	1.206	0.098
Vocational orientation	0.924	0.663	0.261*
Training and further education	11.960	12.130	− 0.169
Course cost subsidies	1.926	1.404	0.522**
External counselling	16.240	19.550	− 3.307***
Private-sector wage subsidies	0.537	0.660	− 0.123
Active labour market policy participation in past 2 years (days)
Active job search	4.694	4.218	0.477*
Vocational orientation	3.686	3.185	0.501*
Training and further education	42.430	43.380	− 0.947
Course cost subsidies	9.765	8.584	1.182*
External counselling	51.210	60.090	− 8.879***
Private-sector wage subsidies	4.398	4.321	0.076
Active labour market policy participation in past 5 years (days)
Active job search	11.780	12.020	− 0.244
Vocational orientation	6.689	5.616	1.074**
Training and further education	82.060	81.070	0.987
Course cost subsidies	20.820	17.980	2.839***
External counselling	88.130	103.300	− 15.154***
Private-sector wage subsidies	10.620	9.418	1.205
At least one PES meeting during unemployment episode	0.849	0.822	0.027***
Number of PES meetings during unemployment episode	7.794	7.581	0.214
At least one PES job offer during unemployment episode	0.594	0.556	0.038***
Number of PES job offers during unemployment episode	4.880	4.756	0.124
Observations	9027	3397

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

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