Table 4 Impact of job quality on poverty

Job Quality

 Households with full-time worker (good-quality job)

−0.442***

−0.444***

−0.422***

(0.031)

(0.031)

(0.032)

 Households with only part-time worker (poor-quality job)

0.387***

0.388***

0.353***

(0.053)

(0.054)

(0.054)

 Non-management/professional

0.087***

0.093**

0.085**

0.071*

0.069*

0.054

(0.034)

(0.038)

(0.035)

(0.039)

(0.035)

(0.040)

Demographic characters

 State population (million)

−0.003***

−0.004***

−-0.003***

−0.004***

−0.003***

−0.004***

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

 GDP per capita (thousand)

−0.001***

−0.001***

−0.001***

−0.001***

−0.001***

−0.001***

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

 Non-white population (%)

0.065

0.181***

0.051

0.114

0.087

0.171**

(0.057)

(0.064)

(0.066)

(0.074)

(0.073)

(0.081)

 Theil inequality index (regional)

 < −0.001

0.001

 < −0.001

 < 0.001

 < −0.001

0.001

(< 0.001)

(< 0.001)

(< 0.001)

(< 0.001)

(< 0.001)

(< 0.001)

 Children aged 0 to 18

0.100

0.299***

0.155*

0.315***

0.133

0.288**

(0.087)

(0.098)

(0.093)

(0.105)

(0.107)

(0.119)

 Elderly aged 65 + 

0.073

0.201**

0.043

0.118

0.033

0.146

(0.079)

(0.090)

(0.088)

(0.099)

(0.101)

(0.112)

 Citizen (%)

−0.007

0.034

−0.021

−0.018

−0.036

−0.046

(0.078)

(0.088)

(0.079)

(0.090)

(0.088)

(0.098)

 Non-white children (%)

0.075*

0.017

0.074*

0.037

0.043

0.008

(0.040)

(0.045)

(0.040)

(0.045)

(0.043)

(0.048)

Human capital/education

 Less than 9th grade (%)

0.002

−0.002

0.002

−0.001

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

 High school graduate (25 years & over)

−0.002

−0.001

−0.002

−0.001

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

 Associate degree (%)

−0.004*

−0.005**

−0.004*

−0.004*

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

 High school or higher (%)

0.003*

 < 0.001

0.003**

0.001

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

(0.002)

 Bachelor or higher (%)

−0.002*

−0.003**

−0.003*

−0.004**

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Government expenditures

 Revenue/GDP

−0.033

−0.024

(0.030)

(0.034)

 Public expenditure/GDP

−0.026

−0.043*

(0.021)

(0.024)

 Per capita temp. assistance for needy families ($100)

−0.002

 < −0.001

(0.001)

(0.001)

 Per capita other cash assistance ($100)

−0.002*

−0.003*

(0.001)

(0.001)

State FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Constant

0.416***

-0.088

0.354**

0.138

0.365**

0.190

(0.093)

(0.097)

(0.156)

(0.175)

(0.171)

(0.191)

 Within group R²

0.79

0.74

0.80

0.74

0.81

0.76

 Number of observations

561

561

561

561

550

550