Table 8 Regression sanction amounts

Female

− 16.243^***

− 0.431

− 3.534^***

− 0.985^***

− 3.694^***

− 0.424^***

(0.598)

(0.318)

(0.099)

(0.056)

(0.117)

(0.051)

Below 25 years

52.061^***

54.937^***

9.354^***

9.838^***

12.064^***

12.395^***

(0.751)

(0.399)

(0.124)

(0.070)

(0.147)

(0.064)

Benefit unit (ref. one-person BU)

Single parent

− 6.461^***

− 1.660^***

− 1.716^***

− 0.949^***

− 1.157^***

− 0.111

(0.875)

(0.464)

(0.145)

(0.081)

(0.171)

(0.075)

Couple without children

− 1.709

− 8.977^***

1.890^***

0.714^***

1.718^***

0.241^*

(1.130)

(0.600)

(0.187)

(0.105)

(0.221)

(0.097)

Couple with child(ren)

− 6.147^***

− 12.791^***

3.032^***

1.956^***

1.298^***

− 0.018

(0.786)

(0.417)

(0.130)

(0.073)

(0.154)

(0.067)

Other

− 0.375

− 7.930^***

2.539^***

1.313^***

2.524^***

1.013^***

(1.317)

(0.699)

(0.218)

(0.122)

(0.258)

(0.113)

Occupational degree

− 1.491^**

− 1.108^***

− 0.574^***

− 0.505^***

− 0.129

− 0.156^***

(0.496)

(0.263)

(0.082)

(0.046)

(0.097)

(0.042)

Year of benefit receipt (ref. 2016)

 2017

− 0.593

1.693^***

− 0.296^**

0.068

− 0.433^***

0.092

(0.585)

(0.311)

(0.097)

(0.054)

(0.115)

(0.050)

 2018

− 0.784

3.195^***

− 0.618^***

0.020

− 0.683^***

0.202^***

(0.590)

(0.313)

(0.098)

(0.055)

(0.116)

(0.051)

Number of minor noncompliance actions (ref. 0)

 1

16.855^***

2.722^***

3.941^***

(0.541)

(0.095)

(0.087)

 2

55.843^***

8.849^***

13.581^***

(0.574)

(0.100)

(0.093)

 3

94.929^***

14.966^***

23.254^***

(0.659)

(0.115)

(0.106)

 4

132.800^***

20.985^***

32.738^***

(0.861)

(0.151)

(0.139)

 5

173.738^***

27.883^***

42.603^***

(1.233)

(0.216)

(0.199)

 6

208.580^***

33.446^***

52.558^***

(1.975)

(0.346)

(0.318)

 First severe infringement

127.578^***

20.229^***

31.305^***

(0.479)

(0.084)

(0.077)

Number of additional severe infringements (ref. 0)

 1

332.738^***

53.881^***

65.495^***

(0.604)

(0.106)

(0.097)

 2

546.758^***

89.544^***

87.212^***

(2.214)

(0.387)

(0.357)

 3

536.763^***

91.207^***

88.733^***

(5.886)

(1.030)

(0.949)

 4

618.579^***

95.630^***

92.633^***

(17.981)

(3.146)

(2.898)

 5

647.277^***

97.565^***

94.881^***

(59.624)

(10.432)

(9.611)

 6

603.847^***

97.565^***

94.881^***

(59.624)

(10.432)

(9.611)

 Constant

109.768^***

19.636^***

17.332^***

2.920^***

25.602^***

5.073^***

(0.567)

(0.608)

(0.094)

(0.106)

(0.111)

(0.098)

 Observations

221,769

221,769

221,769

221,769

221,769

221,769

R²

0.028

0.726

0.042

0.697

0.040

0.817