Table 8 Logistic regression results for the propensity score.

Individual age

0.002

0.004

Age of youngest child

0.009

0.026

Number of children

− 0.004

0.022

Migration background (ref. none)

 From EU country

0.402

0.100

 Not from EU country

0.352

0.071

Quarter of interview (Ref. 1)

 2

0.045

0.060

 3

0.068

0.059

 4

0.083

0.059

Interview part (Ref. Self-reported)

 Head of household

0.008

0.055

 No information

− 0.056

0.070

 Educational degree (Ref. lower secondary school)

 Middle secondary school

− 0.157

0.144

 High school

0.118

0.145

 Partner (Ref. no partner living in household)

 Yes

− 0.099

0.192

Activity (Ref. inactive partner)

 Active

− 0.241

0.100

Educational degree (Ref. lower secondary school)

 Middle secondary school

0.139

0.176

 High school

0.309

0.176

Degree of urbanization (Ref. urban)

 Middle

− 1.432

0.051

 Rural

− 1.341

0.066

Federal states (Ref. Thuringia)

 Baden-Wuerttemberg

0.753

0.133

 Bavaria

0.599

0.130

 Berlin

–

–

 Brandenburg

− 0.781

0.173

 Bremen

–

–

 Hamburg

–

–

 Hesse

0.696

0.139

 Lower Saxony

3.340

0.141

 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

–

–

 North Rhine-Westphalia

4.423

0.162

 Rhineland-Palatinate

− 0.009

0.148

 Saarland

1.265

0.238

 Saxony

− 0.145

0.149

 Saxony-Anhalt

–

–

Schleswig-Holstein

–

–

 N

16,832

 Pseudo \(R^2\)

0.368