Early child care and the employment potential of mothers: evidence from semi-parametric difference-in-differences estimation

Zimmert, Franziska

doi:10.1186/s12651-023-00344-9

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 4 Descriptive statistics of control variables by group membership.

From: Early child care and the employment potential of mothers: evidence from semi-parametric difference-in-differences estimation

Variable	Pre		Post		Post–Pre	Control group		Treated group		Treated-control group
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	SD mean diff.	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	SD mean diff.
Individual age	32.297	5.638	32.395	5.048	0.018	32.270	5.283	32.427	5.426	0.029
Age of youngest child	0.986	0.812	0.969	0.810	− 0.020	0.980	0.810	0.975	0.811	− 0.007
Number of children	1.943	1.028	1.857	0.993	− 0.084	1.877	0.969	1.925	1.056	0.047
Migration background
None	0.851	0.357	0.835	0.371	− 0.042	0.868	0.339	0.816	0.387	− 0.142
From EU country	0.041	0.198	0.057	0.231	0.074	0.041	0.199	0.057	0.231	0.072
Not from EU country	0.109	0.311	0.108	0.310	− 0.002	0.091	0.288	0.127	0.333	0.116
Quarter of interview
1	0.250	0.433	0.240	0.427	− 0.022	0.251	0.434	0.238	0.426	− 0.032
2	0.247	0.432	0.239	0.426	− 0.020	0.243	0.429	0.244	0.429	0.003
3	0.247	0.431	0.246	0.431	− 0.002	0.244	0.429	0.250	0.433	0.015
4	0.256	0.436	0.275	0.446	0.043	0.262	0.440	0.268	0.443	0.014
Interview part
Head of household	0.726	0.446	0.683	0.465	− 0.093	0.712	0.453	0.696	0.460	− 0.035
Self-reported	0.189	0.392	0.202	0.402	0.033	0.185	0.388	0.208	0.406	0.058
No information	0.085	0.279	0.114	0.318	0.098	0.141	0.103	0.096	0.295	− 0.023
Educational degree
Lower secondary school	0.254	0.436	0.225	0.418	− 0.069	0.247	0.431	0.232	0.422	− 0.033
Middle secondary school	0.353	0.478	0.356	0.479	0.007	0.373	0.484	0.335	0.472	− 0.079
High school	0.393	0.488	0.419	0.493	0.053	0.381	0.486	0.433	0.495	0.106
Partner
No partner living in household	0.171	0.377	0.124	0.330	− 0.132	0.153	0.360	0.142	0.349	− 0.031
Activity
Inactive	0.047	0.212	0.047	0.211	− 0.002	0.042	0.201	0.052	0.221	0.045
Active	0.782	0.413	0.829	0.377	0.119	0.805	0.397	0.806	0.395	0.004
Educational degree
Lower secondary school	0.260	0.439	0.243	0.429	− 0.040	0.263	0.440	0.239	0.426	− 0.056
Middle secondary school	0.225	0.417	0.240	0.427	0.036	0.239	0.426	0.225	0.418	− 0.031
High school	0.344	0.475	0.393	0.488	0.101	0.345	0.476	0.394	0.489	0.100
Degree of urbanization
Urban	0.373	0.484	0.345	0.475	− 0.059	0.266	0.442	0.460	0.498	0.412
Middle	0.459	0.498	0.406	0.491	− 0.108	0.476	0.499	0.386	0.487	− 0.182
Rural	0.168	0.374	0.249	0.433	0.202	0.259	0.438	0.154	0.361	− 0.261
East Germany	0.145	0.352	0.121	0.326	− 0.070	0.185	0.389	0.076	0.265	− 0.329
N	5847		5793			6052		5588

The sample includes 18–45 years old mothers of up to 3-year-olds. Instead of a dummy for East Germany, the analysis includes federal states. The standardized mean difference (SD mean diff.) gives the mean difference divided by the square root of the average variance (Rubin 2001)

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