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Table 3 OLS estimates, Western Germany

From: Broadband internet availability and establishments’ employment growth in Germany: evidence from instrumental variables estimations

Log employment growth rate

Manufacturing

Services

DSL availability

− 0.028 (− 1.373)

0.004 (0.177)

0.009 (0.342)

0.045 (1.613)

Log full-time employment, est.

0.005 (2.042)**

− 0.004 (− 1.597)

0.001

− 0.001

(0.434)

(− 0.595)

Log median full-time wage, est.

0.008 (0.647)

0.051 (4.469)***

0.012 (1.487)

0.015 (2.569)**

Young establishment (< 5 years)

0.004 (0.352)

− 0.010 (− 0.997)

0.035 (4.271)***

0.023 (1.932)*

Mid-age establishment (5–14 years)

0.002 (0.215)

− 0.006 (− 0.946)

0.014 (1.987)**

0.007 (1.344)

Share high-skilled

0.060 (2.024)**

0.074 (2.681)***

0.017 (1.278)

0.014 (1.115)

Log full-time employment, mun.

0.003 (0.989)

0.004 (1.165)

0.000 (0.038)

− 0.004 (− 1.018)

Log full-time empl. density, mun.

− 0.009 (− 2.407)**

− 0.011 (− 2.598)***

− 0.017 (− 3.175)***

− 0.008 (− 2.004)**

Log mean full-time wage, mun.

0.016 (0.643)

0.013 (0.637)

0.083 (1.699)*

0.097 (2.241)**

Log full-time empl. growth rate, mun.

0.036 (1.273)

− 0.013 (− 0.540)

0.016 (0.221)

0.009 (0.120)

Share high-skilled, municipality

− 0.067 (− 1.470)

0.017 (0.433)

− 0.038 (− 0.592)

− 0.014 (− 0.357)

Year FE

 

Yes

 

Yes

Industry FE (3-digit)

 

Yes

 

Yes

District FE

 

Yes

 

Yes

Observations

14,823

14,823

18,650

18,650

Adjusted R2

0.008

0.065

0.011

0.056

  1. t statistics in parentheses. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01. All estimations weighted by full-time employment. Constant omitted from output. Standard errors clustered at the municipality level. Data sources: Broadband Atlas Germany, BHP 7510